Conditions of France at the time of World War 11 and Meritorious Services of Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle.

 Historical developmental stages of International Relations in the World.

The Western scholars described multifarious stages of development of IR considering their affiliation and circumstances. Contrary to western scholars, I present the development of IR in two stages. The first stage before World Wars and the second stage that started after the end of World War 11.  The Western scholars have totally ignored the momentous historical developments and nationalist movements of the world that reshaped the contours of the world. These historical developments and movements greatly contributed to the development of IR in the world. The success of historical movements for liberation from the bondage of colonialism contributed for the establishment of the UN in the world and new world. The victory of allied powers with destruction in Europe and collapse of European Colonialism actually defeated the victors. Victor and vanquished both were losers in the history.  The real multifaceted International Relations developed after the end of WW II, the establishment of UN, and the demise of the British Empire. As we know that International Relations was the branch of political science but following the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) it gradually acquired the status of an independent discipline and even surpassed Political Science. The gradual development of International Relations started its journey from Westphalia to Utrecht, Utrecht to Vienna (1815), Vienna to Versailles (1919) and Versailles to the end of WW 11. The diverse changes in the European geopolitics, the industrial revolution, philosophies of political thinkers, the dawn of representative governments, inevitability of economic interdependence, Nationalism, liberalism, and fight to curb Communism by Capitalism with the help of Islam, urge for Universal Institution, the supremacy of International Law. These developments and growing global public opinion for the amicable settlement of economic, political, and territorial disputes contributed to the development of IR.

DEVELOPMENT OF IR before WORLD WARS

Historically IR existed with the commencement of state. In primitive times the states were so large that it could not even conducted its own internal affairs efficiently that's why they deliberately ignored or gave less importance to relations outside their territory.  IR actually started its gradual journey and got prominence from Peace Treaty of Westphalia 24 October 1648 and now no country can survive without pursuing and following its tenets in the Global system. IR developed in the period from 1648 to the treaty of Utrecht 1713, which was period of colonial supremacy in the world by European countries. The 2nd stage commenced from the Treaty of Utrecht 1713 to Vienna Conference 1815. French revolution under the Napoleon Bonaparte also contributed to the development of IR. The related incident like Crimean War 1854-56 and Franco Prussian war 1870-71, Prussia became unified and powerful empire under Bismarck, decline of Turkish power in the Balkan and rise of nationalism, the decline of Spanish, Triple Alliance 1882 and Triple Entente of 1907, growing animosity against Pax-Britannia  and emergence of USA as economic power also laid the foundation of IR.

Vienna Conference or concert of Europe to Treaty of Versailles 28 June 1919

The start and end of WW1 and rise of Communism posed direct threat to Capitalist countries. Treaty pushed the people to world war11. Whenever states violated the settled tenets of Law, the result was obvious annihilation. The Communist revolution in Russia in 1917 shocked the philosophies in the world.

Treaty of Versailles 28 June 1919 to the establishment of UNO in October 1945.

The treaty of Versailles signed by victors to destroy vanquished changed the scenario. The treaty gave rise to Nazism in Germany and Fascism in Italy. Treaty pushed the people to world war11.

DEBVELOPMNENT OF IR after WW 11

After the end of World Wars, developments crumbled the very foundation of colonial powers. The Communist, Socialist and Liberalist philosophy was rapidly gaining ground in the world. Political movement for independence in South Asia, Asia and Africa had weakened the foundation of British Empire. The people of south Asia valiantly waged struggle for freedom from Imperialism and foreign bondage. Consequently, two largest Hindu and Muslim countries in South Asia emerged on the map of world. The power of centre shifted to America. Successful Socialist revolution led by Moa in China eroded the power of Capitalism. The IR developed and consolidated itself after the establishment of UNO in 1945. There were only 51 states at the time of establishment of UN but at present, there are more than 194 states of UN system. The international Relations have come with flying colours and the number of sovereign international units increased from 51 to 194. The United Nation was established to save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war and initiated the process of decolonization. International Relations extended and it brought within its domain the functioning of international institution, maintaining world peace and promoting Socio Economic Development. The development IR has made the world one inhabitable global village. The development of International Relations has salvaged the subjugated and oppressed humanity from the clutches of European Colonialism. The development of IR forced world leaders to divert their attention to the betterment of human security, to relegate idea of war, cooperate to fight collectively against their common enemy poverty, ignorance and illiteracy irrespective of race, creed, and religion.

After the end of world war 11 the world was divided into two antagonist blocks. The Eastern European countries were fallen to Socialist philosophy. The United States in order to contain the threatening ideology of Communism established an alliance system, such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO (April 4, 1949), South East Asian Treaty Organisation SEATO (September 8, 1954), and Central Treaty Organisation CENTO (February 24, 1955). The former USSR also established WARSAW Pact (May 14, 1955). Third-world countries emerged, following the initiation of the decolonization process by the United Nations. The countries of the third world also united under the umbrella of NAM.

IR continuously developed itself by conducting during the inclement cold war. The establishment of NAM following the Bandung Conference compelled both superpowers to reduce their tension and empowered the UN system. The majority of countries left defense pacts of superpower. The success of IR has made the 21st century with the new need for securing an end of international terrorism, movement for the protection of human rights of all in all forms, protections of the Global environment, and attaining sustainable development goals through increasing cooperation for the development of entire humanity. These factors have accorded new importance to Global Politics.