Study of I R, Political Science & History.

   FACTORS AND CAUSES THAT COLLAPSED THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM DURING WORLD WARS.   The working of the pre-war international system was anarchic, chaotic, and unholy. Its salient features created a strategic situation in which war was inevitable. There were many factors and causes, which contributed to the collapse of the International System. The main factors were Natural, Nationalist, and Freedom Movements against European in the world, and the emergence of new Ideologies. The traditional factors were the irrational balance of Power, Alliances and Counter Alliances, Secret Diplomacy, Mutual Distrust, Strategic, and Economic Rivalries around the world, War as a Means for securing interest, Militarism, the Treaty of Versailles, the Rise of Nazism, and Fascism, Failure of League of Nation was a major factor that contributed to the collapse International System. Internal political instability in Germany as a result of elections held in January 1919 in which ...

  PRE WORLD WAR 1 & 11 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE WORLD After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 at Waterloo , the European States were successful in registering peaceful development up to 1914. However, the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 inflicted a mortal blow upon the development registered during these 100 years. From 1815-to 1914, the international system developed as a European-dominated system or at least as a Euro-centric system. England , France , Germany , Spain , Italy , Austria , and Turkey remained dominant European states and acted as key actors of the international system. Balance of power, Nationalism, European imperialism, and Militarism continued to be the salient features of this Euro-Centric International system. The pre-war international system was differentiated by attempts designed at securing secret military and security pacts, expansion of military power, stockpiling of weapons of mass destruction, armament race, secret diplomacy, and use of fo...

  Historical developmental stages of International Relations in the World. The Western scholars described multifarious stages of development of IR considering their affiliation and circumstances. Contrary to western scholars, I present the development of IR in two stages. The first stage before World Wars and the second stage that started after the end of World War 11.  The Western scholars have totally ignored the momentous historical developments and nationalist movements of the world that reshaped the contours of the world. These historical developments and movements greatly contributed to the development of IR in the world. The success of historical movements for liberation from the bondage of colonialism contributed for the establishment of the UN in the world and new world. The victory of allied powers with destruction in Europe and collapse of European Colonialism actually defeated the victors. Victor and vanquished both were losers in the history.  The real mul...

  International Relation’s Introduction, Relevance & Importance in Modern Era Following the end of World War 1 and 11, the nature and concept of International Relations have transformed with new realities and pillars of Power politics. The emergence of new ideologies around the world and collapse of the European Colonial Empires, the conduct of IR have changed. As man is a social animal of the society so are the states in the International comity or international System.  As man cannot live, alone consequently states cannot sustain individually. Therefore, like man state have to maintain all forms of relations including diplomatic, commercial and strategic relations for numerous reasons and compulsions. The main factor of fear and benefit to maintain relations among states is to acquire benefit in vital fields of life and preserve the existence of the state against internal and external dangers. The benefit is accruing from cooperation in various vital fields. The fear...

Functions, Responsibilities of Welfare State in Modern Era   Before describing the functions, responsibilities of the state, it is essential to describe the state within which functions & responsibilities have been performed since time immemorial.   The state  developed from one family to the present level of more than 1.4 billion people in China and the Largest state of Russia in terms of area. The state has witnessed transformative stages and reached its present zenith. In simple words, the state that is the mother of all is described as a conglomeration of humans within a demarcated, accepted territory and consolidated into one unit. Monitored by legally recognized government & Covered by laws having independence and sovereignty politically, legally, economically and morally empowered to monitor and regulate within its demarcated boundaries and authorized of conducting national and international relations with other states of the global community on equal ter...

  The Causes of World War 1 were Natural, Social, Political, Economic, and ideological. 1. Natural Cause that is prayers of oppressed and subjugated people.   2. Economic and Political developments.   3.  Subjugation of the vast lands of South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and America following the Industrial Revolution by European Colonial nations.   4. Political impact of French revolution and Rise of Communism and nationalism.   5. The War of Independence in the  USA .  6. Vienna Conference or Concert of Europe 1815.  7. The Blank Check Assurance by Germany.  8. Misuse of Imperialism.  9. The Prussian spirit of militarism.  10.  Protection of National interest.  11. Negation of the principles of international morality.  12. Rise of Militarism and expansionism In Japan .  13. Secret diplomacy, Secret offensive, and defensive security pacts and Alliances.  14. Expansion of military power.  1...

  Hi Dear aspirants and students of the world welcome to my channel. It is my desire to disseminate knowledge around the world. Let me introduce myself. My name is Prof Dr. Qayum Mangi I am Prof of IR. For aspirants who are intending to appear in the exam of superior service in any country of the world, students pursuing graduation or masters in IR, political science, history of world and studies of philosophies or in other subjects in universities around the world. The Lecture is according to the syllabus of superior service, Colleges, and Universities offering graduation and masters. The aspiring candidates intending to appear for the seeking Job and qualify competitive examination can also benefit from these lectures.   Today I am giving a lecture on the important topic of Political science of CSS and Provincial service. The topic is the political philosophy of Niccolo Machiavelli , he was born on 3rd May 1469 – and died on 21 June 1527 in Florence Italy. He was an Italian ...