International Relations for Competitive Examination, Graduation and Masters in any discipline

Hi Dear aspirants and students of world welcome to my blog channel. It is my desire to disseminate knowledge around the world. Let me introduce myself. My name is Prof of IR Prof Dr Qayum Mangi. For aspirants who are intending to appear in the exam of superior service in any country of world, students pursuing graduation or masters in ir, ip, political science, history of world, studies of Regions, economics, Business administration, geography or in other subjects in universities around the world  I am presenting Lecture series for the general and basic study of all subjects. These Lectures are according to the syllabus of superior service, Colleges and Universities offering graduation and masters. The aspiring candidates intending to appear for the seeking Job and qualify competitive examination can also benefit from these lectures, as these are prepared as per requirements of subjects. 

I have taught subjects of IR for more than 25 years @ Post Graduate Studies Centre of PK. G Islamia Arts College Sukkur. During the course of teaching, I have analysed and amassed ample and up-to-date knowledge of IR, IP, Int. economic and events that affected the world. I have taught subjects of International Relations offered in graduation and masters such as International Law, Constitutional Law and Political systems, International Affairs, International Political Economy, Political Science, Foreign policy of Major Powers of world, diplomacy, Human Rights, war, causes and out come of war and conflict prevention and resolution by International Organization, Regional Organization such as NAM, AL, OIC, SCO, ECO, SAARC, and defence pacts such as NATO, WARSAW pact etc.

My vast research based teaching of IR would further contribute to the knowledge of Students. I have rationally analyzed & focused contents of these subjects so that student may comprehend in a simple and easy way. The students would qualify the examinations of superior services, graduation and Masters Level in any university of world. My lectures will divulge causes and proffer possible solution to these issues of world. The majority books available in the market of underdeveloped countries are old and written during the era of cold war writer’s inclination with one or other super power, while students are asked to comment on recent developments. STD must be neutral in presenting their view. That is the reason that student may not properly understand the essence of subjects.

As all and sundry are well aware that IR and IP, IE is the study of interaction among the various states in different vital fields affecting national politics, national economy. affecting soft sectors of society in other or other way. In order to understand dynamics of IR, I.P, Int. political Economy, History and other important subjects’ student must know the geographical location of interacting state or countries and fundamental knowledge and information about these states with whom we have to interact. Without the proper knowledge of geography and fundamental information of interacting state such as history, culture, political system, ideology, and moreover the conduct of relations with other states, it will be difficult to comprehend the global issues and protect the vital strategic and economic interests of ones country. MAP

Let us start our study with the study of world countries with their geographical location, and essential knowledge of these countries. We will study countries of each continent one by one. We will also study the geographical location and necessary knowledge, importance of these countries in int: arena. Let us see world map showing continents, Oceans, seas and countries. For understanding and finding exact location of countries, world and continents are divided it into four direction and parts. First North 2^nd South, 3^rd West, 4^th East. It is further demarcated as, North east, North west, South East, South west There are seven continents in the world namely Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America and Australasia.

First Let me show the locations of Oceans of world as knowing about their location is essential.  There are four Oceans in the world 1. The Pacific Ocean that is the largest Ocean and deepest Ocean of World. It lies between N.S America, Asia and Australia its deepest point is Mariana Trench. 2. Atlantic Ocean is S shape and also known as Herring pond, lies between Europe, Africa, North and South America, the famous and dangerous Bermuda triangle is it. 3. Indian Ocean lies between Africa, Asia & Australia. Sunda trench is deepest point of IO,  Diego Garcia Island is in it which is under control of USA from here USA monitored the entire Asia during cold war and even today, Madagascar a country of Africa is largest island in IO, largest Bay of Bengal is in the east of India and Arabian Sea is in west of India, all countries bordering with Indian Ocean is called Littoral states of IO or other oceans. 4. Arctic Ocean lies in North Pole of world is also smallest Ocean. it is between Rusia, Canada USA and Greenland. The question what is difference between Ocean and Sea. Sea is small part of water lying adjacent to country, Ocean is large part of water between continents having many seas. Peninsula is part of land surrounded by water on three sides. Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of world. Island is a part of land surrounded by water on all sides. Greenland is largest island of world. Borneo is the largest island of Asia.  . As man is social animal so the states, that’s why The countries of these continents interact with each other to achieve  vital national strategic and economic interest to survive in the interconnected world.

Let us start with the countries of Asia as it occupies 70 % area of the entire globe; it has majority of population and majority of world political and territorial disputes or issue. This is the Geographical Map of Asia. For understanding and finding exact location of countries, it is divided it into four directions or parts. First North Asia, 2^nd South Asia, 3^rd West Asia, 4^th East Asia. It is further demarcated as, North east Asia, North west asia,  South Asia, South East Asia South west asia it is also known as Middle east, and Central Asia. This is World map showing continents Asia which is Lying almost in eastern and northern Hemisphere, Asia is bounded on the north by Arctic ocean, on the east by Bering Sea, Bering Strait and Pacific ocean, on the South by Indian ocean and on the south west by Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. The conventional boundary between Europe and Asia is drawn at Ural Mountain continuing south along the Ural River to the Caspian Sea then to Caucasus Mountain to the Black sea.

Let us see Islands in asia. Maldives in Arabian sea, Andaman and Nicobar in Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean), Java, Sumatra, Sulawsi and Borneo Island which is largest in Asia and third in world. Luzon and Mindanao.  Hainan Island is part of China. Island of Sakhalin is part of Russia. Hokkaido, Honshu Kuril Island of Jappan it disputed bet Russia and Japan.

Let us see Seas in Asia. Bering sea between Russia and USA, sea of Okhotsk near Russia, Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea lies bet China and Korean Peninsula, South China Sea which is Largest sea of world and part of Pacific Ocean, gulf of Tonkin (bet Vietnam and Chinas Hainan island), Gulf of Siam, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, sea of Galilee in Israel, gulf of Aden, between Yemen and Africa, Red Sea separates Asia from Africa, Aral Sea in Kazakhstan. Persian Gulf an arm of Arabian Sea lies between Saudi Peninsula and Iran. Gulf of Sirte south of Turkey and black sea is in north of Turkey.

Let us see Rivers, Yangtze river which is largest in Asia, and in China) flow from Tibet to East China Sea 2,Huang He also called Yellow River starts in Tibet flow into yellow sea, 3, Zhujiang or (Pearl River) in china flow to S china Sea, 4. Mekong River rise in Tibet and flow to S China sea.  Tiesta, Jumna, Brahmputra and Ganges river are in India starts from Himalaya flow to Bay of Bengal. Indus and four rivers are in PK. Tigris  rise in Turkey and flow through Iraq before joining the Euphrates to form the Shatul-Arab which empties into the Persian gulf an arm of Arabian sea. Euphrates also rise in turkey and flow through Syria and Iraq and join Tigris.. Yenisey, Lena and Ob rivers of Russia all rises in SE Siberia and flow north into Arctic Ocean.

Let us see Straits because these occupies importance in IP. Palk Strait lies between India and Sri Lanka, Malacca Strait lies bet Sumatra Island of Indonesia and Malaysia it is the busiest and longest straight of world, it connects Indian Ocean with South China Sea-Pacific Ocean.. Luzon Strait between Philippine and Taiwan. Formosa Strait bet China and Taiwan. Bering Strait separates Russia from USA (Alaska). It connects Pacific Ocean with Arctic Ocean. Senkaku Island is disputed btw China and Japan. Strait of Hurmuz Lies bet Iran Saudi peninsula and UAE, Abu Musa Island disputed between Iran and UAE. Mount Everest, is the highest point of Asia which is 29028 ft, this peak is in Himalayan Range which is in Nepal,. The lowest point is Dead Sea that is between Israel and Jordan.

In next Lecture we will study the countries of Asia.