Study of I R, Political Science & History.

Basic and Primary Principles of Foreign Policy of a Peaceful Country in the World. the Founder of our country outlined the goals of states foreign policy and said; “Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the nations of the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We believe in the principle of honesty and fair play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world, and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter.” The Constitution of country also lays down guidelines for the conduct of foreign policy of the country. The constitution provides that: “The State shall Endeavour to preserve and strengthen fraternal relations with other countries, support the common interests...

Guiding Principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan and its first Governor General, in February 1948, outlined the goals of Pakistan’s foreign policy and said; “Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the nations of the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We believe in the principle of honesty and fair play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world, and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter.” The Constitution of Pakistan also lays down guidelines for the conduct of foreign policy of the country. Article 40 of the constitution provides that: “The State shall Endeavour to preserve and strengthen frater...

Kinds of law. This is lecture of LAW series, Lecture can be helpful for study of A & O levels, Undergraduate, LAW, Graduate, Bachelors, BS, Masters in World Universities, and Competitive examinations of world. Please subscribes and share with students. Thanks. 1. National or Municipal law. Political or positive laws made by the state are called national law also called municipal law. All kinds of laws except international law are included in it. It is further divided into Constitutional Law and Ordinary Law. Constitutional law is the body of laws which determines and regulates the powers and functions of the various organs of state, the relations between the governor and the governed and their rights. these may be written or unwritten. 2. Ordinary law. All national laws, which are not constitutional laws, are included in ordinary law. The state is both the child and the parent of law. It is the child of constitutional law and the parent of ordinary law. Ordinary law defines and ...

This is lecture of LAW series, Lecture can be helpful for study of A & O levels, Undergraduate, LAW, Graduate, Bachelors, BS, Masters in World Universities, and Competitive examinations of world. Please subscribes and share with students. Thanks. Sources of Law. Below mentioned are main sources of Law. 1. Customs or usage. It is the oldest and earliest source of law. A custom is the habit of the people handed down to them from generation to generation as their traditions. What fore fathers have done in the past has become binding upon succeeding generations. They follow it as sacred and compel others to do. In every society, many customs are found regulating the lives of the people. As the state is, consist of people hence it recognizes and enforce them. In this way, usages and customs become laws in course of time. It is also called customary law. 2. Religion. Religion is very old source of law. In primitive ages, people followed the precept and rules of their religion, which th...

Definition of LAW This is lecture of LAW series, Lecture can be helpful for study of A & O levels, Undergraduate, LAW, Graduate, Bachelors, BS, Masters in World Universities, and Competitive examinations of world. Please subscribes and share with students. Thanks. The term law is derived from the German word meaning fixed or evenly. In political and legal terminology, the term law implies or means rules and regulations enforced by the state. In every modern civilized country, there are certain tenets or rules to govern or regulate the conduct and behaviour of its inhabitant. In every country and society, there exist rules that regulate human conduct. Such rules may be in black and white or in conventions and unwritten and flourish in the form of customs backed by the force of public opinion. Illustrious jurists have defined law in different ways; some of these definitions are given below; Wilson defines “law as that portion of the established thought and habit which has gained dis...

Bosphorus Strait This is lecture series about important major Straits in the World. This Lecture can be helpful for study of A & O levels, Undergraduate, Graduate, Bachelors, BS, Masters in International Relations, Political Science, & International Economics in universities of world and Competitive examinations of world. Pl subscribes and share with students Thanks. Definition of Strait. A strait is a narrow navigable waterway that connects two seas or separates two land mass in Sea. It lies between two land masses. Strait is used for transporting ships of goods to various parts of the world. Straits connect the different cultures, peoples and parts of world. It is a sort of reducing the distance. Bosphorus Strait Connects Black Sea with Sea of Marmara. It is between Asian Turkey and European Turkey. This strait gives passage to littoral states of Black Sea Such as Russia, Ukraine. Moldavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Turkiye to Mediterranean to Sea, Africa, Europe and fin...

STRAIT OF DARDANELLES This is lecture series about strategically important Straits in the World. Lecture can be helpful for study of A & O levels, Undergraduate, Graduate, Bachelors, BS, Masters in World Universities, and Competitive examinations of world like Banking, Chinese, US & EUROPEAN CIVIL SERVICES, Gaokao, Mensa, UPSC, SSC, RRB, IAS, CSS, PCS, UPSC, PPSC, IELTS, TOFEL, GMAT, DTE, CELPIP, CELTA, TEFL, TESOL, SAT, ACT, LAST, UPSEE, PRELIMS, SAT, LAST, INSP. Please subscribes and share with students. Thanks. Definition of Strait. A strait is a narrow navigable waterway that connects two seas or separates two land mass in Sea. Any Strait lies between two land masses. Strait is used for transporting ships of goods to various parts of the world. Straits connect the different cultures, peoples and parts of world. Strait is a sort of reducing the distance. Strait of Dardanelles Separates Turkey from Greece and Bulgaria. It Connects Aegean Sea with Sea of Marmara. This strait...