Study of I R, Political Science & History.

Padelford and Lincoln define Ideology as “a body of ideas concerning economic, social and political values and goals with positive action programmes for attaining those goals.” Ideology plays a very significant role in human behaviour. The moral and religious aspirations of men have always influenced the political behavior of the society & states. It sets a pattern in the society, which can hardly be ignored by national or international leaders. Ideology is interpreted to suit the purposes of the society and states. It is admitted at all hands that ideology constitutes the backbone of a society and state and strives for its effective implementation. It establishes the intellectual framework, prescribes long-range goals to be promoted and points to a moral and ethical system for policy makers. Ideology is based upon certain assumptions about the nature of man and society from which concepts of order and mission are evolved. It consolidates individuals and groups in a society to comm...

Ideology is a set of principles adopted by all states to fulfill the goals and interest of nation and society. Ideological commitments have been a source of affinity in the development of society, state & International Relations since time immemorial. Ideology is a prominent factor for consolidating the foundations of a society, state & boosting International Relations in the global system. History provides ample proof as to how the ideology of Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Capitalism, Communism, Socialism and Nationalism has consolidated the very foundations of society, states in the world. After the end of world war 11, Ideologies reshaped and affected the Interactions of States. Ideology is a motivating & stirring force for a nation, which is striving hard to bring stability and homogeneity to its nationhood. It provides the cement-binding base to the scattered groups in a society and brings them closer to each other on a common platform. Ideologies propel ...

SAARC’s Development Goals: A Ray of hope for the People of SAARC Countries. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is a regional organisation consists of eight countries and nine countries having observer status. The Saarc was established in December 1985 to reduce the suffering of the succeeding generations of South Asia from perpetual war, poverty and underdevelopment. Like other regional organisation of the world, it has vehemently strived to achieve the success in the mutually agreed areas of cooperation. The Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty Alleviation in its report “Our Future, Our Responsibility” (2003) has adumbrated a road map for a poverty-free South Asia. The 15th Saarc Summit held in August 2008 at Colombo has regarded poverty and underdevelopment as a fatal challenge to the lives of South Asian and endeavored to eradicate this menace from South Asia and make the South Asia a poverty free region. The SAARC following the footsteps of the United Na...

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is a regional organisation consists of eight countries and nine countries having observer status. The Saarc was established in December 1985 to reduce the suffering of the succeeding generations of South Asia from perpetual war, poverty and underdevelopment. Like other regional organisation of the world, it has vehemently strived to achieve the success in the mutually agreed areas of cooperation. The Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty Alleviation in its report “Our Future, Our Responsibility” (2003) has adumbrated a road map for a poverty-free South Asia. The 15th Saarc Summit held in August 2008 at Colombo has regarded poverty and underdevelopment as a fatal challenge to the lives of South Asian and endeavored to eradicate this menace from South Asia and make the South Asia a poverty free region. The SAARC following the footsteps of the United Nations established twen...

The study of international relations has significantly expanded and transformed due to the emergence of new states on the face of the globe. After the end of World War 11, the study of International Relations was further expanded with the establishment of International Organizations, increasing demand and success of decolonization, rise of new Ideologies, and factors that started intense cold war between two superpowers. Due to increasing Political, Economic, and Commercial activities around the world, the relations among various states have been changing and due to these continuous changes in international relations, the meaning, nature, and study of international relations are changing. There are multifarious factors, which enhanced the necessity of study of international relations. The development of International Relations has broadened its scope and brought multifarious sub fields of study within its ambit. The study gradually changed from war to Global human security, peace and...

Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation. (IOR-ARC) Late President Nelson Mandela of South Africa propounded the vision for IORARC during visit to India in 1995. It was founded on March 7, 1997; its Headquarters is in Ebene, Mauritius. It is consisting of 23 states bordering the Indian Ocean. Its main aims and objectives are to promote sustainable growth and balanced development of the littoral states of Indian Ocean. IOR-ARC focuses on areas of economic cooperation, which provide maximum strategic and economic opportunities to develop shared interest and reap mutual benefits. IOR-ARC strives to promote liberalization and free flow of goods, services, investment and technology. Indian Ocean after Pacific Ocean is the second largest Ocean of the world spread over a wide geographic area covering three major continents; Africa, Asia and Australia and have proven natural resources and potential vital for sustainable economic development of littoral states. The strategic...

“Prospects and Problems of International Relations discipline of social sciences in Pakistan ” Introduction All and sundry associated with the social science are aware about the significance of the International relations in our country. We obviously live in complicated and tumultuous times, although the world has never been an uncomplicated place. Having provided a broad-brush portion of the contemporary international system, International Relations focus on specific elements of international system and divulge the interaction of over 6.6 billion people ,192 nation states and more than 3000 MNCs playing their cards and determining “who gets what, when, and how in the global comity”. The Subjects of Social sciences are prime subject without which no any country can prosper and get due respect in the comity of nations. Unfortunately, these subjects have been deliberately neglected in Pakistan in the past. Social sciences cover an extensive array of subjects that study recorded human beh...