Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation. (IOR-ARC)

Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation. (IOR-ARC) Late President Nelson Mandela of South Africa propounded the vision for IORARC during visit to India in 1995. It was founded on March 7, 1997; its Headquarters is in Ebene, Mauritius. It is consisting of 23 states bordering the Indian Ocean. Its main aims and objectives are to promote sustainable growth and balanced development of the littoral states of Indian Ocean. IOR-ARC focuses on areas of economic cooperation, which provide maximum strategic and economic opportunities to develop shared interest and reap mutual benefits. IOR-ARC strives to promote liberalization and free flow of goods, services, investment and technology. Indian Ocean after Pacific Ocean is the second largest Ocean of the world spread over a wide geographic area covering three major continents; Africa, Asia and Australia and have proven natural resources and potential vital for sustainable economic development of littoral states. The strategic location of Indian Ocean is unique and important. IORARC remains committed to build and promote cooperation through a consensus based evolutionary and non-intrusive approach in the rapid changing environment. All the littoral states are heavily dependent on sea trade for their development and economic growth. No one can deny the strategic location and economic importance of Indian Ocean; therefore, littoral states launched efforts to promote bilateral and multilateral cooperation and collectively benefit from its economic and natural resources. Unimpeded flow of maritime traffic is a prime concern of littoral states. Freedom of navigation and security of sea-lanes are collective goals of all states. United Nations said that the Indian Ocean should not turn out to be a theatre for strategic confrontation or a launching pad for domination over Asia rather it should become a zone of peaceful coexistence and cooperation. Indian Ocean may be divided into a number of sub-regions Australasia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Eastern & Southern Africa, each with their own regional groupings such as ASEAN, SAARC, GCC and SADC etc. Despite such diversity and differences, these countries are bounded together by the Indian Ocean. 8th July is UNs worlds Ocean day. POTENTIAl OF INDIAN OCEAN. The five oceans of world cover 70 percent of the surface of planet and provide a considerable segment of the global population with cheap food and livelihood. More than sixty percent of global trade is carried out through Indian Ocean. IOR is a major route for international trade, finished goods and petroleum products. Indian Ocean Rim is vast, densely populated, and home of many economically developed countries. The Ocean is source of natural such as fishing and petroleum and mineral resources. The Indian Ocean enjoys a pivotal position at the crossroads of global trade. Forty per cent of the world’s offshore oil production, 15% of Fishing takes place in the Indian Ocean basin. The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) have become a home for economic developments, disputes, conflicts, and competition for regional influence by regional and extra regional powers. All major powers, such as the United States, Australia, Japan, United Kingdom, India, Pakistan and China have vital strategic interest the IOR. The Indian Ocean, which lies at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Australia, houses a number of littorals that has their national interest. The Indian Ocean has strategically important choke points such the Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, Bab-el Mandeb, which can block the economy of world. These choke points are exposed to piracy, international disputes, political dissents, and accidents. To ward off such threats and to gain/maintain a strong foothold in this resource rich region, regional and external powers are cooperating with each other. The USA and China is striving to enhance their sphere of influence in Indian Ocean. Their strategic rivalry may endanger the people of Indian Ocean Region. Owing to the strategic location of the Indian Ocean region, IORA has emphasized on growing the Blue Economy in a sustainable, inclusive and people centered manner. The objective of the Blue Economy is to promote smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and employment opportunities within the Indian Ocean region’s maritime economic activities. The Blue Economy is determined to initiate appropriate programs for the exploiting and harnessing of ocean resources. Pakistan being a littoral state of Indian Ocean is deliberately deprived of its membership. Littoral states would reap the benefits of cooperation provided they adopt peaceful policy against each other. Rising human population, increasing consumerist demand, plastic, discarded deep sea fishing nets, large-scale industrial pollution, commercial shipping activity are the main challenges facing by oceans. Prof Dr Qayum Mangi Principal, College of Superior Services Sukkur Sindh Pakistan

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