Sub Fields of International Relations necessary for understanding the complicated Global Politics of Confrontation & Coexistence.

The study of international relations has significantly expanded and transformed due to the emergence of new states on the face of the globe. After the end of World War 11, the study of International Relations was further expanded with the establishment of International Organizations, increasing demand and success of decolonization, rise of new Ideologies, and factors that started intense cold war between two superpowers. Due to increasing Political, Economic, and Commercial activities around the world, the relations among various states have been changing and due to these continuous changes in international relations, the meaning, nature, and study of international relations are changing. There are multifarious factors, which enhanced the necessity of study of international relations. The development of International Relations has broadened its scope and brought multifarious sub fields of study within its ambit. The study gradually changed from war to Global human security, peace and harmony hence created essential fields for betterment of entire world. These sub fields are important and contributing to world peace, harmony and cooperation among countries within the ambit of international law. The cooperation of countries and regional organisation has become important fields of study. The study of state has assumed enormous importance and world universities and research institutes are analyzing and searching its utility. As we know, International Relations are the contrivance and manipulation to acquire power and impose will upon others therefore it becomes the field of study. Strategic Studies and Commercial Cooperation studies acquired focus of major powers due to their global interest. The study of International Relations includes Economics, Politics, Government structure, patterns of Society, Strategic Policy, Commercial Behaviors, nature and causes of Global Conflicts, efforts for Global Security and Environmental Sustainability. In nascent stage, it was concerned only with the study of the diplomatic history of European powers. Today’s International relations is entirely different from pre World Wars era international interaction. Its scope is continuously changing and acquiring more fields of study under its domain. The international political economy is an important field I R that deals with commercial and financial relations among nations and ascertains how countries are cooperating to achieve their vital interest. The global and regional institutions regulate the flow of international economic and financial dealings. The following are the subfields of international relations that reveal and determine the importance of International Relations to comprehend its vast domain. 1. Study of State Structure, Development of State System from ancient to modern era. This sub field brings to light States gradual development and interaction among each other in political, diplomatic and economic fields. It is the fundamental field of study of International Relations. 2. Study of Imperialism, its methods to achieve success and of its impacts in the world. This sub field reveals the brutalities inflicted by the European powers to subjugate and plunder the wealth of world. 3. Rise of spirit of Nationalism and Liberation Movements in America, Africa and Asia for freedom and salvation. This field unravels that why, and how these nationalist movements started, who clandestinely supported them, and how they succeeded in achieving freedom from powerful powers. It study that what were the impact and results on world. 4. Study of Geopolitics and its importance. This field is very important it describe the geography and locations of countries. 5. Study of Nature of National Power and policies to attain it. This field shows how major powers attained national power by exploiting all elements of National Power. 6. Study of rise of new Ideologies and their impact on International Relations. During the world wars new Ideologies emerged in response to Capitalism and brutal policies of Imperial Powers of Europe. 7. Study of Vital national Interests of Major powers and modus operandi to acquire interest without coming into conflict. 8. Study of causes of wars and ways to avoid and achieve peace in the world. 9. Study of Cold war and its impact on the world. How it started? What were factors, which forced the superpowers to stop it? What was the economic and strategic impact it left in the world. 10. Study of Disarmament by major powers. 11. Study of Neo-colonialism by the Western countries. How they reoccupied the liberated countries of world. 12. Rise of Third world and Contribution of NAM. What role NAM played to unite the Third world countries and acquired their national interest. 13. Study of the Rise of Economic Factors and interactions in the International Relation. 14. Study of Strategic and Commercial relations among states. 15. Study of the Success of foreign policy of major countries. 16. Study of Working and performance of United Nations System for the humanity of world. 17. Study of Conflict Management and Resolution by the United Nations with the help of Global Comity. 18. Study of Defence Pacts such as NATO, CENTO, SEATO and WARSA, and their proxy wars in the world. 19. Study of International Law and acceptability in global politics. 20. Study of Regional organizations such as Arab League, OIC, ASEAN, RCD, ECO, SAARC, GCC, and SCO for economic cooperation and integration. 21. Study of the Global Environmental Degradation, its catastrophic effects and efforts for Protection. 22. Study of the Violation and efforts for protection of Human Rights in the world 23. Study of Regions, their Geopolitics and natural Resources. 24. Study of rise of terrorism its sponsorship by states inimical to each other, and motives. 25. Study of Conflict within cooperation such as US China, India and China. 26. Study of the new Cold War leading to the third world war in Europe. 27. Study of the crucial role of Muslim countries in shaping future world. 28. Study of the Dependency of Major Countries on the resources of other countries in Global Politics. The western countries despite military and economic power are dependent on the crucial collaboration of the Muslim States such as Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, and the Central Asian States. The western world is dependent on the oil and gas of Muslin States, and striving to control this natural wealth. Prof Dr Qayum Mangi

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